Illustration of an aircraft carrier in the Gulf near mountainous coastline beneath storm clouds, evoking regional military tensions

The Nuclear Threshold: Why America’s Costly Iran War Does Not Make a Nuclear Strike Inevitable

America’s depleted missile defences and Iran’s asymmetric strategy raise difficult questions about escalation. The evidence does not establish an American plan to use nuclear weapons. Continue reading The Nuclear Threshold: Why America’s Costly Iran War Does Not Make a Nuclear Strike Inevitable

Oil tankers in the Strait of Hormuz illustrating the carbon footprint and energy consequences of the Iran war.

The Iran War Has a Carbon Footprint. Why Is It Missing From the Climate Debate?

An early assessment estimated that the first two weeks of the Iran war generated more than five million tonnes of CO₂-equivalent emissions. The larger question is why warfare’s carbon cost still sits at the margins of climate accountability. Continue reading The Iran War Has a Carbon Footprint. Why Is It Missing From the Climate Debate?

Illustration of the U.S. war economy showing military conflict, defense contractors, the Capitol, weapons production and a $1.5 trillion defense budget alongside rising financial graphs.

The Profits of Perpetual Conflict: What Happens When America Builds an Economy That Needs War?

I did not discover weapons systems through the Iran war. As a boy growing up around PAF Base Sakesar, I used to read Jane’s Weapons Systems with the fascination other children reserved for sports magazines. Aircraft interested me. So did … Continue reading The Profits of Perpetual Conflict: What Happens When America Builds an Economy That Needs War?